About ISAM: Its Inception and Promises

Abstract

Faith-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs provide residential treatment for many substance abusers. To determine key governing concepts of such programs, we conducted semi-structured interviews with sample of eleven clinical and administrative staff referred to us by program directors at six, Evangelical Christian, faith-based, residential rehabilitation programs representing two large, nationwide networks. Qualitative analysis using grounded theory methods examined how spirituality is incorporated into treatment and elicited key theories of addiction and recovery. Although containing comprehensive secular components, the core activities are strongly rooted in a Christian belief system that informs their understanding of addiction and recovery and drives the treatment format. These governing conceptions, that addiction stems from attempts to fill a spiritual void through substance use and recovery through salvation and a long-term relationship with God, provide an explicit, theory-driven model upon which they base their core treatment activities. Knowledge of these core concepts and practices should be helpful to clinicians in considering referrals to faith-based recovery programs.     

微信公众平台在青春期性与性别教育中的应用

通过分析对比传统课堂和微信公众平台打造下的虚拟课堂在青春期性与性别教育的应用研究中发现,微信公众平台打造下的虚拟课堂有开放式的交流平台、有利于针对敏感话题的探讨与调查,以及能够对传统课堂的不足进行补充和进一步的发展。将网络媒体尤其是自媒体用于青春期性与性别教育,对于传统的教与学都是一次重要的变革,虚拟化的青春期性与性别教育课堂不仅可以更快的提升人群素质,拓展传统课堂的深度和广度,还可以推动社会对青春期性与性别教育重要性的重新认识,可以影响教育管理部门相关政策的制定,进而推动青春期性与性别教育在全国的中小学全面开展。     

Emerging Infections Program—State Health Department Perspective

The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) is a collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 10 state health departments working with academic partners to conduct active population-based surveillance and special studies for several emerging infectious disease issues determined to need special attention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funds the 10 EIP sites through cooperative agreements. Our objective was to highlight 1) what being an EIP site has meant for participating health departments and associated academic centers, including accomplishments and challenges, and 2) the synergy between the state and federal levels that has resulted from the collaborative relationship. Sharing these experiences should provide constructive insight to other public health programs and other countries contemplating a collaborative federal–local approach to collective public health challenges.     

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Universal Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Using a Dynamic Bayesian Methodology: The BEST II Study

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the development of benign and malign neoplasms in both sexes. The Italian recommendations for HPV vaccines consider only females. The BEST II study (Bayesian modelling to assess the Effectiveness of a vaccination Strategy to prevent HPV-related diseases) evaluates 1) the cost-effectiveness of immunization strategies targeting universal vaccination compared with cervical cancer screening and female-only vaccination and 2) the economic impact of immunization on various HPV-induced diseases.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether female-only vaccination or universal vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention against HPV.MethodsWe present a dynamic Bayesian Markov model to investigate transmission dynamics in cohorts of females and males in a follow-up period of 55 years. We assumed that quadrivalent vaccination (against HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11) is available for 12-year-old individuals. The model accounts for the progression of subjects across HPV-induced health states (cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head/neck cancer as well as anogenital warts). The sexual mixing is modeled on the basis of age-, sex-, and sexual behavioral-specific matrices to obtain the dynamic force of infection.ResultsIn comparison to cervical cancer screening, universal vaccination results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €1,500. When universal immunization is compared with female-only vaccination, it is cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €11,600. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows a relatively large amount of parameter uncertainty, which interestingly has, however, no substantial impact on the decision-making process. The intervention being assessed seems to be associated with an attractive cost-effectiveness profile.ConclusionsUniversal HPV vaccination is found to be a cost-effective choice when compared with either cervical cancer screening or female-only vaccination within the Italian context.     

The effectiveness of empowering in-service training programs for foreign nurse aides in community-based long-term care facilities

The objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of empowering in-service training programs for foreign nurse aides working in community-based long-term care (LTC) facilities. The design was a pretest and post-test design with experiment and control groups. The sample consisted of purposeful sampling from 10 LTC facilities in the Shihlin and Peitou areas of Taipei. A total of 35 foreign nurse aides participated in this study; 16 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. The experimental group attended the training program for a 3-month period, whereas the control group did not receive any training. The research findings reveal that the training program was effective in increasing the work stress of workload/scheduling (Z = 2.01, p 相似文献   

脑梗死及多梗死性痴呆患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶的测定

目的研究脑梗死(CI)及多梗死性痴呆(MID)患者血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的变化及意思。方法对72例CI患者及55例MID患者血清中NSE浓度进行测定。智能水平采用简易智能量表(MMSE)测定,并参考DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准及Hachinski缺血评分。结果MID急性发作组及CI急性期组患者血清NSE浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01);MID稳定期组患者血清NSE浓度低于对照组(P<0.05);CI恢复期组患者血清NSE的浓度与对照组无显著性差异。血清NSE的浓度与MMSE评分无显著相关(P>0.05)。结论血清NSE的含量变化可动态反应MID患者的脑组织功能状态。但是NSE并不是一种智能因子,并不能直接反应MID患者的智能状态。     

Professional development and leadership training opportunities for healthcare professionals

Background

Formal leadership training is a relatively recent addition to the educational armamentarium of the health care executive. Leadership training opportunities for physicians, surgeons, and scientists have gradually appeared over the past 15 to 20 years, but information about them has been scant, with few comprehensive reviews made available to the community at large. This article describes the major opportunities available to obtain formal and informal leadership training for careers in medical school administration. Programs that are specifically targeted to women are described in detail.

Data Sources

Information was obtained from the author's direct knowledge, direct communication with the leadership of each program, and the Web site of each sponsoring organization, when available.

Conclusions

Many opportunities for leadership training are now available to surgeons, with several specifically designed for women. The author strongly encourages surgeons to avail themselves of these opportunities, as both anecdotal information and published data suggest that these programs are highly effective in enhancing leadership careers.